Communication Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Communication Technology - Essay Example The meaning of the word â€Å"communication† is at once both clear and obscure. It is clear enough in conventional usage, but obscure when we seek to determine the limits of its application. To illustrate, if someone talks to another and common understanding results (indicated by mutually satisfactory action), we have no qualms about saying that communication has occurred. If, however, misunderstanding results (indicated by mutually unsatisfactory action), we are uncertain whether we should say that there has been poor, or no, communication. (David, Kenneth,1970:15). Definitions of â€Å"communication† fall into two broad categories. In one category are those definitions which limit the process of communication to those stimulus-response situations in which one deliberately transmits stimuli to evoke a response. In the other category are those definitions that include within the area of communication stimulus-response situations in which there need not be any intention of evoking a response in the transmission of the stimuli. The second category obviously overlaps the first. (David, Kenneth,1970:16) Mathematical Model of Communication: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver published a model; the model uses boxes and arrows to represent the communication process. However, the model is a little bit complex. Box-and-arrow models of communication: This model breaks the communication stream into components i.e. sender, message, and receiver and the direction of influence. In the diagram below arrows go from left to right, that is, from a sender to a receiver, the idea is that it is the sender who, through messages or speeches, brings about communication influences on the receiver. Group Communication Model: This model emphasizes communication within an organization i.e. the flow of messages between two individuals or within a group of people.

Global Marketing Strategy. Project Shakti Essay

Global Marketing Strategy. Project Shakti - Essay Example Still, it is undeniable that unless a business is a monopolist, it will have to face competition in the market. As a result, a market will always consist of many business organizations competing for the same customers and the same profit making opportunities. Therefore, it is the duty of the management of the organization to device strategies and mechanisms that it can use to be ahead of its competitors. This is referred to as gaining competitive advantage (Chaston, 2012). In the global markets, an organization faces competition from a variety of organizations. Therefore, the company has to build and sustain its competitive advantage in order to succeed in such an environment. How can Shakti contribute to HLL’s bottom line? It is for this reason of gaining global market competitive advantage that HLL formed project Shakti. Shakti can contribute to HLL’s bottom line by using implementing a number of strategies. One key strategy is the creation of new brands. The Shakti p roject can come up with new and unique brands in the market to assist in catching the attention of already existing customers (PWC, 2011). In addition, new customers will also be attracted and thus, this will be an easy way of creating customer loyalty for the organization. The management will also have gained competitive advantage since; it will be the only provider of that product in the global market. Therefore, it is highly probable that the price of the product will not be affected by other market prices. Creation of new products should also be accompanied by high quality products and efficiency in production. With high quality products, customers will be able select the organization’s products out of the products of the competitors. This will help HLL in building global competitiveness since it will be a step further as compared to its customers. Use of Price Leadership Strategy Shakti can also achieve HLL objective by using the strategy of price leadership. Instead of being the follower, the organization could focus on always being the price leader. This way, it will be able to set its prices according to its costs of production. Price leadership is a strategy that assists in building competitive advantage since; the organization will be the one setting the prices of the competitors. Therefore, the organization has the advantage of being able to choose the quantity to supply to the market while, the competitors’ supplied quantities are dependent on the supply of the price leader (Hill & Jones, 2012). What economic value is Shakti creating? What social value? Social Values Shakti is creating a lot of economic and social values in the Indian Society through a number of ways. One social value that stands out is the empowerment of women (Rangan & Rajan, 2005). In India, a large number of women are underprivileged and marginalized. Having women being involved in the Shakti project was a way of making women feel needed and of importance to the s ociety. It is thus a way that promotes social values in the society since women are able to hold a place in society. The society also develops since; with men already at work and women now occupied with the Shakti project, there will be no idlers and thus the society will achieve more. Economic Values The Shakti project also comes with a number of economic values; one of the main economic values is the introduction of information technology to the Indian villages (Rangan & Rajan, 2005). In addition, creating the communities portal is a way of enlightening the villagers and introducing them to new ideas and information sources. With access to a wide variety of information, the villagers might also become more innovative thus enhancing the economic value of the village. The villagers can

Be a successful Adult learner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Be a successful Adult learner - Essay Example I chose to take a writing course not because I’m interested purely in the subject (on the contrary - I am not really found of writing essays), but mostly because I am eager to deepen my knowledge. I believe effective writing is extremely important for a person of my profession for several reasons. First of all, effective writing is always an attribute of an educated person who is a professional in one’s field. Secondly, knowledge and skills in the subject are to help any future nurse to avoid spelling or other mistakes that might be vitally important for a patient. In addition, I believe the course in writing will not only help me to improve the writing skills, but will also enrich my knowledge about the better ways and methods of studying and gaining new knowledge, as well as expressing own thoughts and ideas. Since I am eager to obtain a nationally recognized professional qualification, the writing skills, I believe are an integral part of it. Besides that, good and experienced teaching staff as well as well-developed academic programs will broaden my mind and help me to acquire all the necessary skills to succeed in my future

Comparative Economic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative Economic Systems - Essay Example The size of the population along with the role of the government in programming economic growth processes, all help to determine the stability of the country. The labor market, capital market, the agriculture, trade, healthcare together reflects the economic strength of the country. Emphasizing these aspects of economic growth dynamics, this paper will aim at assessing the economic components of the US in comparison to the performance of China, Russia and the UK. Prime focus will remain in studying the economic variability of these countries in the recent era. From a generalized point of view, as can be observed, the growth of the US economy as compared to the other nations has been more because of its industrialization benefits, which illustrates that the economy considerably depends on its micro and macro environment. Discussion Comparison between China and the US The US has remained one of the leading economies of the world since 1979. However, recent statistics comparing the US g rowth rate with that of China reveals that both the countries reside alongside with insignificant differences in their growth rates. As per the statistical reports of aThe World Bank (2013), China’s GDP growth rates have been consistently higher than the US since 2003 to 2012. Comparisons on the performances of the two economies further indicate that even though the GDP growth rate was higher for China, its GDP in the USD tends to be much lower in comparison to that of the US. For instance, the GDP USD recorded for China as on the fiscal year 2012 was estimated at $8.358 trillion, while the recorded GDP USD for the US in the same year amounted to $15.68 trillion. One of the possible reasons to such fluctuation may be caused due to their differences in terms of population and other socio-economic components. To be noted, China currently is recorded to host 1.351 billion nationals, where the total population of the US is recorded to be 313.9 million in comparison [refer to Tabl e 1 in the Appendix] (aThe World Bank, 2013; bThe World Bank, 2013). This indicates that even though the Chinese economic growth may seem to be better than that of the US, an in-depth understanding to the issue exhibits a different scenario altogether, owing to their differences in terms of various other inherent economic factors. . As per the data, China is the second largest trade partner of America, since 1980 to 2012, the countries saw a growth of $5 billion to $536 billion (Morrison, 2013). This again makes the macro-economic components of trade largely interdependent among these two countries, where the economic prosperity of China may also influence the economic performance of the US to a substantial extent. It is worth mentioning in this context that as a developing nation, China possesses certain benefits, which the US lacks when performing in the global market. For instance, the GDP growth rate of China has shown a regular growth since 1979 to 2013, even when the world was facing an economic slowdown and the GDP growth rate in the US declined to zero [refer to Table 1 in the Appendix]. It was fundamentally owing to the flexibility enjoyed by a developing natio

Educational In Cambodia Essay Example for Free

Educational In Cambodia Essay Education is very important means to train and build up human resources for development of each country and it is also important for development of child as person. However, educational system in Cambodia has suffered too much during Khmer Rouge Regime from 1975 to 1979. After that period, the government has tried to improve it by cooperated and collaborated with external aid and non-governmental organization (NGOs). According to the Cambodian constitution, it states that â€Å"the state shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public school. Citizens shall receive education for at least seven years†. Nowadays, though the pupils have no pay the fee, they still have to spend money on other things such as stationery, textbooks, contribution fee etc. Moreover, some provinces students are asked to spent money to teacher for fee; this is the problem that prevent pupil from poor families from attending school. About a half a million Cambodian children from 6 to 11 years old have no access to school, then 50percent of those who entered grade one dropped out of school and had to repeat the class. Those problems are caused by video games, karaoke and the presence of brothel for the students in city, and for female pupils, they could not attend school because of many problems. First, parents are poor, so they cannot provide children to learn and sometime they need their children, especially the girls, to earn money to support the family. Second, the schools are located too far away from their house. Only boy can go to school at some distance from home because they have given accommodation in pagodas near the school. The last one is some parents do not understand about the important of education, so they do not allow their children to attend school. Moreover, the ministry of education has not provided adequate education for minority children. Many children cannot access to school, and there is no provision for schooling in minority languages except for classes provided by private ethic associations. Even though some organizations co-operated with government to provide school for those, this effort is not yet enough. Then, the quality of education in Cambodia is very poor, especially in remote area such as Kompongthom, Kompongcham, Ratanakiri province and so on.

High result Essay Example for Free

High result Essay First of all, I prepare my working place and start my determination. All my measurements are recorded to the table above.  The smallest graduation of the thermometer is 1 C. According to this, I take the absolute uncertainty of my temperature measurements as. I do not add additional uncertainty as I did not encounter any further difficulties in weight measurement.  To determine masses I used a digital scale with provided uncertainty in the instruction of the digital scale of 0.2g. Therefore, I take it as the absolute uncertainty of the mass measurements. I take the temperature of ice as C because the ice was melting when I started to use it in my experiment. I take this temperature theoretically and do not include uncertainty to this measurement as it is in theoretical level.  After having determined the raw data, I fill it into the table.  Further I provide constants that will be used during my determination. These are taken from Giancoli Physics 5th edition, page 421:  cwater = 4186 J*(kg*C)-1  caliuminium = 900 J*(kg*C)-1  Data processing:  Ã‚  Now I will provide the mass of the water. To do this I will subtract the mass of the calorimeter from the mass of calorimeter and water together:  mwater = (163.3 0.2) (35.0 0.2) = (128.3 0.4) g  Now I can compare my result with literatures. In Giancoli Physics 5th edition page 425 it is provided that the latent heat of fusion of ice to 3.33 x 105 J*kg-1. Therefore, the percentage discrepancy is equal to 17%. Also, the theoretical percentage uncertainty is equal to 11%. I will discuss these finding in conclusion and evaluation part. Conclusion and evaluation:  The percentage discrepancy of 17% shows that the determination was done quite precisely. Moreover, the percentage uncertainty of 11% suggests that the determination was done quite accurately as well. However, these are only theoretical assumptions as much energy and heat was transferred to air during the water cooling process. Further, I have to state more weaknesses and limitations of my determination. Some errors were encountered despite the fact that I tried to be as accurate as possible. First of all, the main weakness of the determination was that all the determination was done theoretically and I could not measure how much heat was transferred to air during the water cooling process. I was not able to measure the heat loss. Moreover, I took the ice temperature theoretically as I also could not measure it. These were clearly the weakest parts of all determination. Of course, the results are good enough, as the percentage discrepancy shows, but still it was only a theoretical determination based on the assumption that Qlost = Qgained. However, as for the percentage uncertainty I should blame only the instruments as I had to use quite many of them, but the uncertainty they provided was relatively small. My percentage uncertainty does not include the uncertainty of theoretical assumptions. Furthermore, some systematic errors have occurred as I had to do a lot of calculations and roundings during the data processing part. Also, the instruments may have been badly calibrated and this could have affected my determination. However, systematic errors are not important because even if they even were encountered, they were very small. Another thing is with random errors and heat loss as they were really significant because the percentage uncertainty shows relevantly high result. I could provide several suggestions to improve the determination but obviously I am not able to make this determination not theoretically in schools conditions. First of all, I would rather use more ice, bigger calorimeter and more water. Then, as I would still use the same equipment with same absolute uncertainties, the percentage uncertainty would be reduced significantly. The uncertainty would be less important and more accurate results would come. However, my suggestions would only lesser the uncertainties, but they would not totally cancel them and it would still be only a theoretical determination.

The Effects Of Globalisation For Women Sociology Essay

The Effects Of Globalisation For Women Sociology Essay Critics of Globalisation have expressed the view that the opening of markets and foreign investment in developing countries will further exacerbate the existing gender disadvantages and create conditions of forced labour amongst women. What this paper considers is that as countries become more open and transparent through globalisation, it becomes very hard to sustain and continue cultures of discrimination and gender rights imbalances. Whilst some areas of womens rights are exacerbated by Globalization. The majority of women globally have benefited greatly from employment opportunities, access to new technologies, support from NGOs, increased political rights and social freedoms. Female education has been recognized as one of the critical pathways to promote social and economic development. Female participation in education has been acknowledged as the single most important investment that a developing country can make, translating into better living conditions for families and increased productivity. Education is a crucial element of increasing rights for women, countries that hold a higher female literacy rate have a lower gender inequality rate. In developing countries 1 in 5 girls that enrol in primary school will not complete her primary education (USAID, 2009 ) which obviously creates a massive disparity between a the female population and a more educated male population. Globalisation has increased access to NGO for women in developing countries, many of these NGOs promote the education of women and develop programs to specifically target education gender inequalities. Catholic Relief Services (NGO) targeted the increasing school attendance and reducin g dropout rates amount girls (Obanya, 2004). Once a group of girls are educated they then are able to pass these benefits onto the community and their family members and future husbands are able to appreciate the reasons and benefits of educating women; slowly increasing the female education rate with each generation. In developing countries investing in just once extra year of education means women are more likely to earn more, raise healthier families and are more likely to be better educated about diseases and health issues. Higher female literacy rates also correlate strongly to reduced fertility rates and lower infant mortality rates (Kawachi Wamala, 2007). Womens health and access to health services has improved dramatically through globalisation. Women have additional vulnerabilities, malnutrition, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy complications, cervical and breast cancer, domestic violence, sexual abuse, and genital mutilation. Globalisation and improvement of health, particularly in impoverished countries has lead to greater levels of birth control and sexual health. Developing countries have a disproportionate number of female deaths during child birth as well as high infant mortality rates, through improved health and education these rates. Women suffer from Malaria and HIV more than any other diseases, in some areas the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been able to reduce malaria infections by up to 50% greatly reducing the risks of child birth (Bellamy, 2004). Education programs by the WHO have helped to improve safe sex practises in an effort to reduce HIV infection. Womens health is improving with globalisation. Thi s is because overall Improved population health, particularly amongst the worlds poorest countries, is increasingly associated with improved economic growth. As the economies and work forces of developing countries grow stronger so do their levels of health and social awareness in the process improving womens health. In grained and miss informed cultural practises are still a major issue to for womens health. Female genital mutilation is a practise that still exists and is culturally practised, over 132 million women and girls have been victims of genital mutilation (Tinker, Finn, Epp, 2000). The majority of the African nations have now made it illegal to commit female genital mutilation, however without public education making the practise illegal would be ineffective. Government organisations along with NGOs have developed education and awareness programs in many developing nations to outline the affects and problems with this long standing cultural practise. This aims to reduce significantly the practise of female genital mutilation and so far has shown positive results. Political and democratic representation is obviously plays major role in the advancement through creation of public policies and legislation. The status of women has vastly improved through participation in democratic processes. Some countries such as Indian and France have introduced quotas to ensure a certain level of participation in the political process, the quotas aim overall to ensure that womens interests are looked after at a government level (International IDEA, 1998). The quota system ensures that cultural and gender barriers do not impede the proper representation of women in the political environment. Some critics dislike the idea of a quota system as they believe it artificially increases female representation, when democracy is meant to be democratic and that women are being elected just because they are women. This is a fairly shallow view of the overall problem, by actively representing women within politics it enables cultural change, it enables discriminatory pract ises to be overturned by governments and enables an overall fairer, balanced democratic process. As an example through the support of the UN the World Economic Forum (WEF) has developed the Women Leaders and  Gender Parity  Programme to encourage womens participation in the WEF has risen from 9% in 2001 to 17% in 2007 (WEF, 2010). Worldwide women only currently represent 18% of all political positions, whilst this may seem like a small number it is important to consider that since 1945 womens political participation has quadrupled as part of a globalised society (Karam, 1998). What this says is whilst women are still at a serious disadvantage at obtaining political positions, this disadvantage is decreasing and worldwide female representation is dramatically improving with globalisation. Whilst Western women have benefited the most from globalisation, there still remains a disparity in the working environment. Gender Inequality in the workplace is one of the most publicised issues for womens rights activists, discrimination in the workplace today is more subtle and is correspondingly harder to detect. This has resulted in a large proportion of women in part-time work and very little representation in upper managerial roles, when compared to males of equal education and experience. Whilst Anti-discrimination legislation has existed in Australia since the 1980s and yet there still remains a large disparity in the workplace between men and women, due to gender and cultural stereotypes. The glass ceiling in many professional workplaces denies women the opportunities to rise through the ranks of organisations. This was highlighted through a study by the Australian Bureau of Statistics which found women on average earn $611.50 per week and men earn $897.50 (ABS, 2005). Whi lst direct wage discrimination has all but been quashed, a division of labour still exists due to roles being defined along traditional gender lines. These roles are often rewarded more highly in favour of male workers (Jones, 1983). This is highlighted in the law profession where 60% of Monash University Law graduates are women yet less than 14% of women are partners in law firms. (McLeod, 2008). This is not something confined to the legal profession nor is it something confined to Australia, only 1 to 3 per cent of top executive jobs in the largest corporations worldwide are held by women (Wirth, Luxembourg). Despite some existing problems overall these figures have increase dramatically over the last century, even thirty years ago women had little or no representation in a large corporate environment. From 1985 to 2010 there has been a massive increase of participation of women within the workplace globally and this expect to rise further in coming years (ILO, 2010). As the world becomes more globalised gender equality within the workplace is reduced, this is because the main barriers to this form is equality culture and social norms are changed. Globalisation creates increased employment opportunities and demand for women in non-traditional sectors enable them to earn and control income, thus providing a source of empowerment and enhancing womens capacity for representation and power within the community. In a recent World Bank study of developing countries, respondents from more than 90% of the countries studied identified gender violence as a serious problem (Doyal, 2002). Modern day slavery and trafficking of women has become a major problem. Transnational crime has become prevalent through globalisation and remains a massive threat to women in particular vulnerable women. The underground trafficking of women across borders is an issue of great international concern and has been exacerbated by globalisation. The individuals that are normally transported in these operations are normally abused, raped and often forced or coerced to work as prostitutes in a target country. One of the main contributing factors to this increase in trafficking has been the widespread forced submission of women. Poverty stricken populations are more vulnerable to trafficking, because these women and girls have a very low social status that puts them at risk. Another signifigant contributor to the increase in trafficking is political targeting and conflict zones. The breakdown of society and the rule of law have made these women especially vulnerable to the lure of a better future or an exit out of their countries or event a forced exit. The counter measures in place in the majority of countries target the human traffickers with heavy imprisonment and fines, specifically in Australia this is targeted with the anti-slavery and organised people smuggling legislation where the maximum penalty imposed can be 25 years (David, 2000). This legislation aligns with the United Nations Conventions against Transnational Organised crime, which specifically targeted the trafficking of people (Green Grewcock, 2002). Despite these efforts at any given time over 2.5 million people are held in forced labor the majority of which are women and a further 98% of these experience physical sexual abuse (ILO, 2007). Overall 43% of trafficked people are used for sexual exploitation or prostitution almost all of whom are women (ILO, 2007). Cowen highlights quite elegantly the problems with globalisation, While some sectors expand extreme rapidity, other shrink and wither away (Cowen, 2002). This is true for women and globalisation in some areas women have received increased rights and economic power and yet in many places they still suffer large amounts of gendered violence. Globalisation has presented new challenges and new opportunities to women, gender equality develops from many different sources and it is often impossible to determine whether these are the result of globalisation or they just have been exacerbated by it.